No Child Left Behind Act :: essays research papers

Page 1 Imagery in Robert Frost This verse examination exposition is about imagery in Robert Frost’s verse. The article is titled â€Å"Symbolism in Robert Frost† and the sonnets being talked about are â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Birches†. Fisrt I will begin with the sonnet titled â€Å"The Road Not Taken† what's more, give three short statements from this sonnet and one statement from â€Å"Birches.† I will likewise give three potential translations of their importance. Coming up next is a statement from the sonnet titled â€Å"The Road Not Taken†: â€Å"Two streets separated in a yellow wood, And sorry I couldn't travel both and be one traveler.† The main conceivable translation of that statement is that there a decisions in life that we as people will eventually need to make. Here and there these decisions are made and the outcomes are not what was normal. These decisions anyway unimportant at that point, can result into critical conditions. The decisions we make in life influence us from numerous points of view. The following conceivable understanding of that statement is settling on decisions in life is the thing that individuals do all through life. There are no idiot proof frameworks set up to demonstrate which decision will profit people the most. A third understanding of the statement is the decisions in life are numerous and there will be circumstances where you can not adjust your perspective effectively once it has been made and you’re constrained to see through with what you have chosen. There are times when we settle on decisions and think back on the decisions we have made by and large reasoning what might have occurred on the off chance that I had pick in an unexpected way? Since I have given three potential translations of a statement from the sonnet titled â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, I might now want to take a second statement from that equivalent sonnet and give three potential translations of its importance. Coming up next is a second quote from the sonnet titled â€Å"The Road Not Taken†: â€Å"Oh I saved the first for one more day! However realizing how route leads on to way, I questioned in the event that I ought to ever comeback.† The first conceivable understanding of that statement is that we as people deal with and acknowledge the decisions we make in life whether fortunate or unfortunate. The following conceivable understanding of that statement is when managing decisions made in life that might not have been insightful previously, we can make the best of the circumstance and stick with it.

Requirements for Healthcare Organization | Case Study

Prerequisites for Healthcare Organization | Case Study Undertaking I A SUMMARY ON THE NEEDS AND EXPECTATIONS OF CONCORDIA HEALTHCARE LTD. Comparative with: I. Inside Organizational needs Above all else, ABC Concordia Healthcare Ltd. Necessitates that the staff, accomplices, individuals, executives will consider and regard the Equality and Diversity Guidance and Policy. This association is focused on conveying quality human services administrations to the customers without bias on them because of race, nationality, sex, sexual direction, handicap, strict connection, conjugal status, work status and political sentiment and attributes. All customers ought to be dealt with similarly and decently. Polished methodology with respect to the staff, accomplices, individuals and chiefs ought to be watched. No customer ought to be segregated; rather, advancement and openness of human services administrations ought to consistently be a definitive strategic everybody. Quality social insurance administrations will result to the expanding request by different customers. The ABC Concordia Healthcare Ltd. will be looked for by the network and the customers they serve. A decent name will be set up for and for benefit of ABC Concordia Healthcare LTD. II. Outside Needs of ABC Concordia Healthcare LTD. To accomplish the objective of this association, that is the advancement of equivalent chance and openness of value medicinal services administrations to all customers, they are likewise thinking about their outer needs. A. Addressing clients’ needs Proper advances must be viewed as ready to meet the different needs of customers. 1. Distinguish the requirements of customers who originate from various networks. Customers originate from various networks with various social foundation and childhood. In this way, they additionally have various requirements. These necessities must be provided food well. 2. Detail the arrangements and strategies that will be embraced to address clients’ issues. Strategies ought to be done routinely in light of the fact that these are guides for dynamic. Arrangements support coordination and mix of activities and plans inside and across practical regions of an association. The arrangement making process includes the accompanying: a. Distinguishing the issue b. Detailing the approach c. Executing the approach d. Assessing the outcomes 3. Determine the administrations that ought to be given to the accompanying gathering of customers: a. Customers with an incapacity b. Customers who can't convey adequately in English c. Carers, youngsters and the older d. Individuals from strict gatherings e. ethnic gatherings, nationalities f. Lesbian, gay or transgender individuals B. Correspondence Plan To maintain a strategic distance from miscommunication, the ABC Concordia Healthcare Ltd. additionally gives the accompanying: 1. A Communication Plan is set up to scatter the approaches and systems to guarantee that all administrations are given to the customers. 2. Steps to be followed and the prerequisites to be practiced are likewise given to get to the human services administrations 3. Direction and preparing for the workers, individuals, accomplices, staff, and executives are accomplished for powerful usage of the arrangement. Reasonableness AND JUSTICE An equitable and reasonable treatment can be the most grounded resource in any association particularly if there is rivalry. ABC Concordia Healthcare LTD. has laid a few approaches with accentuation on the accompanying: a. Dealings with outsiders †this association doesn't unlawfully separate other Healthcare specialist organizations. b. Dealings with contractual workers ABC Concordia Healthcare Ltd. connects with contractual workers based on their aptitudes, experience and capacity. There is no separation at all dependent on age, sexual orientation, conjugal status, race, religion, and so forth. c. Work †Job candidates are dealt with similarly and reasonably. Enrollment and choice methods and terms and states of business, preparing openings, advancement and move, complaint and disciplinary procedure, downgrades, clothing standard, extra plans, work designations and other work related exercises are deliberately handed-off to representatives and candidates. d. Enlistment and Selection-ABC Concordia Healthcare LTD guarantees that the workforce is: Taken from the most stretched out pool of qualified candidates . Employment opportunities are available to all. Exertion is coordinated towards the scattering of the data that will arrive at all intrigued candidates. Work openings depend on close to home legitimacy and wellness. Execution is considered in such manner. Need is given to candidates from all areas of society particularly the underrepresented in the workforce. This is the place reasonableness is obvious. Nobody is separated essentially on the grounds that he has a place with the oppressed and the debilitated. ABC Concordia Ltd. has legitimate exception (authentic word related prerequisites) to be utilized appropriate to meet the extraordinary needs of a specific gathering. Individuals with exceptional necessities are those originating from various ethnic and social foundation; sex (particularly the gays, lesbians and transgender individuals), carers, and so on. Enlistment offices of ABC Concordia Healthcare Ltd. know the necessities not to separate. Reasonable and equivalent treatment ought to consistently be borne as a main priority. There is a healthy workplace regarding the employee’s convictions and assorted foundation. Terms and states of administration for representatives consent to hostile to segregation enactment. The association distinguishes the different preparing needs of the laborers. An arrangement is made which incorporates the subtleties of the preparation to be given, who will be prepared, and when the preparation will be given. Those recognized are educated regarding this quality and decent variety and preparing plan. Demonstrations of unlawful segregation on any of the taboo grounds by representatives, accomplices, individuals, executives will be exposed to disciplinary activity. Suitable activity is forced to any individual utilized who submits unlawful demonstrations of discrimation. All objections will be explored as per the complaint method of the association. ABC Concordia Healthcare Ltd. will screen and record equivalent chances and data about staff and all representatives. These snippets of data will be utilized only for equivalent open doors checking and make little difference to circumstances and advantages. The association will give equivalent chances to the Human Rights Services Commission as required corresponding to individual and customers under the provisions of the enactment. Activity audit of the association will be directed two times every year. Remediation will be forced on rebelliousness under the strategy to rise to circumstances. THE IMPACT OF PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION ON INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP 1. Partiality and segregation are demonstrations of lack of respect on the uniqueness of each person. â€Å"Individual contrasts ought to be perceived albeit individuals are comparative in numerous ways.† 2. Preference and segregation may cause pressure. â€Å"Typical reasons for pressure are: new work methods, work over-burden, contrasts between the association and representatives esteems, disappointment and job uncertainty. Laborers are probably going to endure mental and physical side effects because of pressure.† 3. Preference and segregation hampers the individual’s want to develop and to accomplish his objective. On the off chance that an individual is continually separated, he loses his self-assurance. Hence, he can’t play out his assignment well. At the point when preference is felt in an association like a Healthcare Provider, the customer would lose his inspirations to recover and to become fit once more. No one supports him and no one qualities his human respect. 4. Segregation and partiality are non-helpful activities. This will deny the demonstration of getting individuals cooperate to achieve wanted objectives and destinations at least expense and most extreme profit.† 5. Duty is gotten through graciousness. Thus, association ought to be reasonable and fair-minded, liberated from inclinations in managing representatives and customers. 6. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, belongingness, love, love and acknowledgment are among the fundamental needs of man. When there are separations of whatever nature, at that point there is no adoration, love and acknowledgment. 7. Separation and partiality is against the Civil Rights of individuals. â€Å"Civil rights ensures reasonable and equivalent treatment for all individuals paying little mind to race, religion, ethnic starting point, age, sex, sexual direction, incapacities, or individual beliefs.† On July 2, 1964, Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson marked into law the Civil Rights Act of 1964 disallowing separation dependent on a person’s race, shading, national source, strict convictions and sex. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS TO ADDRESS GAPS IN THEIR SYSTEM PROCESS 1. Plan for survey and checking on the consistence of correspondence and decent variety issues ought to be readied Separate from that of the correspondence and preparing plan. 2. Group gatherings ought to be done consistently to follow and talk about the advancement of usage. An extraordinary gathering might be met additionally whenever to think about pressing issues. 3. Jobs and duties of the people keeping an eye on the association ought to be obviously indicated like: a. Executive/chief b. Staff c. Representatives d. Other help work force 4. Time scales for arranging, usage, checking and assessment ought to be explained. 5. Occasional review on the organization’s budgetary status is significant. This is one part of the general execution the board system. As an activity is executed, the yields and results are checked, refined and afterward assessed. 6. Strategies ought to be returned to occasionally. Considerable corrections perhaps important to guarantee the solidness of the association. 7. HR are significant in any association. Execution evaluation ought to be led as reason for arranging expertise improvement preparing and refreshing. 8. Offices and other material assets ought to be similarly assigned. Deficient or antiquated materials may influence the adequacy of fulfillment of the organizatio

Why the Best Businesses for Sale Arent for Sale

Why  the  Best Businesses  for  Sale Arent  for  Sale The freedom that comes with being an entrepreneur who owns his own business is exhilarating.No boss giving you orders left, right and center. You get to work on something that you actually care about, not any random project that lands on your desk.Most importantly, all the hard work you put in translates into real money in your bank account, not your  employer’s bank  account. After thinking about it for some time and saving up some money, you are ready to take the plunge and become a business owner.There is only one small problem â€" starting a business from scratch is hard. Either you can’t seem to come up with the right  business idea, you don’t know how to come up with a  killer business plan, you don’t know how you will drive customers to your new business, you don’t know if there is a ready market for your product, you don’t even know whether the business will work.The list of potential pitfalls is endless.So, how do you still make true your dream of owning your own business without having to go through all the trouble of starting one from scratch? In this case, your best option is to buy an existing business.When you purchase an existing business, all the difficult tasks associated with starting the business have been done for you. You don’t have to reinvent the wheel.There are a number of reasons why buying an existing business is less risky than building one from scratch.An existing business already has existing customers, so you won’t have to spend a lot of time and effort finding your first customers.You will also get the benefit of immediate cash flow. You will also be sure that there is a ready market for your product or service.By buying an existing business, you can also save yourself the time and effort of  hiring new employees  by retaining the existing employees, who will already be knowledgeable about the business.Finally, when you purchase an existing business, there is a financial history to look at, which gives you a more a ccurate idea of what to expect, compared to a new business where you have to make do with financial projections, which are educated guesses at best.It is also easier to secure loans and  funding using figures from past business compared to projections.WHY YOU SHOULD NOT BUY A BUSINESS THAT IS FOR SALEOnce you decide to purchase an existing business, the common approach for most people is to scour websites and magazines that list ‘for sale’ businesses and try to find a business you might be interested in.The problem is that, very often, the most popular course of action is not always the best, and in this case, going the popular route of snapping up a business that is for  sale could turn out to be your biggest mistake. Why is this? What is wrong with businesses that are for sale?Before I answer that question, I will first  need you to engage your imagination for a second. Assume you are an entrepreneur who owns a thriving business.  Customers patronize your business by the bus l oads, you consistently meet and exceed your sales targets, your business is booming.Would you wake up one day and decide to put the business up for sale? If you answered no, this should give you an answer to our previous question.No one just wakes up and decides to put their business up for sale.Every business you find listed in for sale listings is listed there for a reason.  In most cases, the reason is that the business is failing.  The business could be failing for any number of reasons.A powerful competitor might have come into the industry, the business’s products or services might no longer be relevant, the brand might have been based on a seasonal fad or trend, the products or services might have been of low quality, the owner might be experiencing financial difficulties, the list is endless.It doesn’t matter the reason behind the failure of the business, but buying a failing business is not a very wise move. Unless you have a powerful advantage that will help you overtu rn the business’s fortunes, you should avoid buying a failing business. In addition, when a business is listed for sale, it attracts several potential buyers.This shifts the balance of power to the seller and allows them to place a higher price on the business, with little room for negotiation.This makes the situation even worse for you, the buyer. Not only are you buying a failing business, but you are also buying it at a high price.Of course, I am not saying that  every business listed for sale is failing. Sometimes, there is a good reason behind the owner’s intention to sell. The owner might be retiring, they might be moving or making other major life changes, they might be forced to sell the business due to medical issues, and so on.However, such situations are exceptions, and it might be hard telling who is selling for a genuine reason. Therefore, it is best to avoid buying a business from the for sale market.BUYING BUSINESSES THAT ARE NOT FOR SALESince it is not a good ide a to buy businesses that are not for sale, the secret is to buy a business that is not currently for sale.The truth is that every business owner is willing to sell their business â€" for the right price. The key to getting them to sell is making them an offer they can’t refuse.Of course,  I’m not asking you to make an offer worth billions of dollars, like Facebook did when it  bought messaging app WhatsApp for $19 billion. No, you don’t need billions of dollars to buy an existing business.You only need to do your proper research and then come up with a figure that is appealing enough for the owner.Buying a business that is not for sale has a number of advantages. First, going for a business that is not for sale put you in a proactive position.Rather than choosing from what is available in the market, you have the option of choosing a business that aligns most with your goals and objectives.Second, the management of a business that is not listed for sale are more focused on mak ing the best decisions for the future of the company, rather than being focused on making a swift exit. In  some  cases, you can even retain the management after purchasing the business.Finally, you don’t have to compete with other potential buyers, which allows you to get the best possible deal.While buying a business that is not on sale is your best option, it is not as straightforward as buying a listed business. When a business has been listed for sale, you already know the owner, you know they are willing to sell, and you know their asking price for the business.When a business is not for sale, you might not even know who the owner is,  and  you are not even sure whether they will agree  to let go of the business.With a business that is not for sale, you have to put in some extra work, but it’s all worth it. Below are the steps you need to follow to buy a business that is not for sale.Identify Potential BusinessesThe fact that you are looking for businesses that are not on the market is both a good and a bad thing.On one hand, it means you have an unlimited options to choose from. You can literally go for any business that is you are interested in, provided you have the resources to purchase it.On the other hand, it means that you have to work harder to find these businesses. Unlike on a market where businesses are listed for you, you have to do the work of finding prospective businesses to purchase by yourself.To identify potential businesses that you might be interested in buying, you need to first decide what industry you want to do business in.You also need to decide the nature of the business you want to get into. Are you more comfortable with an ecommerce business or a brick-and-mortar business? Are you looking to buy a blog?You also need to figure out the ideal size of the business you want to purchase.This will mostly be determined by the size of your budget. You should also consider the location of your ideal business (for brick and mortar bu sinesses).Once you have decided on the parameters of your ideal business, you can then come up with a list of businesses that meet these parameters and businesses that you can imagine yourself operating.ResearchOnce you have created a list of potential businesses that you would be interested in buying, now is the time in to do the hard work. Thoroughly research each of the businesses you  identified above and try to find out as much as possible about each of these businesses.What products or services does the business  deal in? What is its pricing model? What is its  unique selling proposition? Who are its main competitors? Does it have any legal problems? Is it a franchise? If yes, find out about the franchise company as well.Conduct a  SWOT analysis  of the business to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the business and its opportunities and threats. Since you don’t have insider information about the business at this stage, you should conduct the SWAT analysis as though yo u were starting a new, similar business.When doing the research, you want to make sure you know everything you can about the business.The more you know, the better. Not only will it impress the owner once you approach them, it will also allow you to make a more accurate assessment of the business and  make it easier for you to negotiate with the owner.After researching the businesses you identified above, you can narrow your list to two or three businesses that you are actually interested in purchasing. You can now move on to the next step.Make  a  Business PlanMost people assume that a  business plan  is only useful when building a new business from scratch. This crucial document is useful even when you are purchasing an existing business. Go ahead and prepare a business plans  that you will submit to the owners  of the businesses  you intend to purchase.The business plan for purchasing a business is, however, a bit different from the conventional business plan.In the plan, you sho uld include any relevant education and experience you have that make you qualified enough to run the business.You should include a section that explains how you will handle the transition from the current owner to yourself. You should also include a section detailing the exit strategy of the current owner, explaining the terms and timelines under which the current owner will hand over the business to you.Finally, you also need to include your financial information â€" such as assets or financing that you plan to use for the transaction â€" to demonstrate that you are indeed capable of purchasing the business.Approach  the  OwnerHaving researched the business and developed a business plan for purchasing the business, you are finally ready to approach the owner with an offer. If you are already acquainted  with the person, you can approach them directly and pitch your offer. If you are not acquainted, you can send an email  stating your desire to buy the business.Alternatively, you ca n send an intermediary to speak to the business owner on your behalf. This is a great option when you want to impress the owner. However, you should make sure that your chosen intermediary is a professional who knows what they are doing.When making the initial contact, it is wise to  share your  resume  with the business owner so that they can see how your background is relevant to the business. You should also make it clear that you have no problem signing a non-disclosure agreement before being allowed to look at the documents pertaining to the business and its operations.When you follow the above steps, there are four possible outcomes. The first one is that they accept your offer, in which case you have achieved what you wanted. The second possible outcome is that they ignore your offer.This could be an unspoken refusal, or they could have missed your email. You can follow up after some time to find out whether they missed your email or whether they are not interested in your of fer. The third possible reaction is to receive a weak rejection, which opens up room for negotiation and closing the deal.The final possible outcome is to receive a strong rejection, which means that the owner is not even remotely interested in selling the business. In this case, you can move on to the other businesses you identified  earlier.THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING A BUSINESSBefore buying a business, you also need to evaluate it to determine whether it will be successful after you take it over. You don’t want a business going under a few months after  you take over.Once negotiations are underway, ask the business owner to provide you with detailed information about the business and its operations.This information will also help you in valuing the business. You can even bring in a second pair of eyes, such as a business accountant or a business lawyer, to go through the information with you and ensure that everything is in order before you go through with the transaction.So me of the things you should closely look at before signing on the dotted line include:  InventoryWhen buying a service based business, you don’t have to worry about placing value on the inventory. If the business deals in physical products, however, you have to find out value of the inventory that is in stock.You will need to first conduct a physical inventory to determine the quantities of all products and materials that are in stock.You also need to look at the physical condition of the inventory and think about how you are going to sell the products. If the products are old/outdated or in bad shape, you might have to sell them below their full value, therefore you need to put this into consideration when valuing them.Very often, the inventory will not be worth the  amounts shown  in the books, therefore it is a great idea to have the inventory appraised to determine its exact value before buying.Equipment, Machinery  and  Other AssetsWhat equipment and machinery does the busine ss rely on for production? Does the business own these equipment or are they leased? What is their value? When valuing machinery and equipment, you should factor in their current condition as well as depreciation.You also need to find out whether this equipment is tied to any outstanding debt through  equipment financing. Assets will also include any real estate owned by the business. Assets may also include any non-physical but valuable goods owned by the business, such as the brand, goodwill, patents, and trademarks.Valuing this intangible assets is a lot more challenging compared to tangible assets, and should be done with the help of a qualified business valuer.Financial DocumentsExamine all the financial documents associated with the business you want to buy. These include sales records, financial statements, all  accounts payable,  all  accounts receivables, tax returns, and so on. Going through these documents will give you a clear picture of the business’s overall earning power and a feel of the  cash flow  within the business.Financial documents can be a bit complex sometimes, so it is a great idea to enlist the help of an accountant who is familiar with that type of business to help you make sense of the documents.Legal Documents  and  ContractsThoroughly examine any document that is legally binding to the business.These include employee contracts, leases, sales contracts, purchase and distribution agreements, and so on. Going through these documents ensures that you are aware of what exactly you are getting into.You should also look at documents like articles of incorporation, business registration documents, patents, registered trademarks, and so on.This will give you a good picture of where you can do business or not, the structure of the business, as well as any intellectual property that you will have access to after buying the business.Outstanding Debts  and  List of LiabilitiesVery often, businesses operate using loans and debts. While this is not a bad thing, you want to make sure you know about any existing debt before you take over the business, since the debt will be transferred to you after you buy the business.Confirm whether there are suppliers and other business partners who are owed by the business.You should also confirm whether any of the business assets, such as equipment, capital, or accounts receivables are tied to any loans. You also need to confirm whether any of the business’s assets have been put on lien by creditors.Location, Market  and  CustomersIt is also a good idea to get a feel for the business’s location (for brick and mortar businesses), market and customers. Where is the business located? What other businesses are in the surrounding area? Are there any competitors nearby?What is the market for the products like? Who are the business’s greatest customers? What are the  customer patterns? When does the business have the highest sales? Does the business rely on new or repeat customers? Do the customers pay in full or on credit?Finding the answers to these questions will help you determine whether the business is right for you and whether it will survive after you take over.For instance, if the current owner has built great relationships with customers, making the customers loyal to him rather than the business, you might lose a huge portion of these customers after you take over the business.WRAPPING UPBuying an existing business is a great way to become a business owner without having to go through the struggles and challenges of building a new business from scratch. Once you decide to buy a business, however, don’t go for a business that is already on sale.These businesses are usually on sale because they are not doing so well. Instead, identify a business that is not on sale but one that aligns with your goals and objectives, research about it, and then approach the owner with  an  offer  to buy.

Essay on James Joyces Araby - The Symbol of the Church...

James Joyces Dubliners - The Symbol of the Church in Araby Joyces short story Araby is filled with symbolic images of a church. It opens and closes with strong symbols, and in the body of the story, the images are shaped by the young), Irish narrators impressions of the effect the Church of Ireland has upon the people of Ire-land. The boy is fiercely determined to invest in someone within this Church the holiness he feels should be the natural state of all within it, but a succession of experiences forces him to see that his determination is in vain. At the climax of the story, when he realizes that his dreams of holiness and love are inconsistent with the actual world, his anger and anguish are directed, not toward the Church,†¦show more content†¦Since the boy is the narrator, the inclusion of these symbolic images in the description of the setting shows that the boy is sensitive to the lack of spiritual beauty in his surroundings. Outside the main setting are images symbolic of those who don’t belong to the Church. The boy and his companions go there at times, behind their houses, along the dark muddy lanes, to where the rough tribes (the infidel) dwell. Here odors arise from the ash pits--those images symbolic to James Joyce of the moral decay of his nation. Even the house in which the youthful main character lives adds to the sense of moral decay. The former tenant, a priest (now dead), is shown to have been insensitive to the spiritual needs of his people. His legacy was a collection of books that showed his confusion of the sacred with the secular-and there is evidence that he devoted his life to gathering money and furniture. He left behind no evidence of a life of spiritual influence. Despite these discouraging surroundings, the boy is determined to find some evidence of the loveliness his idealistic dreams tell him should exist within the Church. His first love becomes the focal point of this determination. In the person of Mangans sister, obviously somewhat older than the boy and his companions, his longings find an object of worship. The boys feelings for the girl are a confused mixture of sexual desire and of sacred adoration, asShow MoreRelated Comparing James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place1363 Words   |  6 PagesComparing James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place As divergent as James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place are in style, they handle many of the same themes. Both stories explore hope, anguish, faith, and despair. While Araby depicts a youth being set up for his first great disappointment, and A Clean, Well-Lighted Place shows two older men who have long ago settled for despair, both stories use a number of analogous symbols, andRead MoreEssay on Symbols in James Joyces Araby658 Words   |  3 PagesJames Joyces Symbolic Araby James Joyces Araby, a story filled with symbolic images of church, religion, death, and decay. It is the story of youthful, sacred adoration of a young boy directed at a nameless girl, known only as Mangans sister. After visiting Araby, the mystical place in which he is trying to find the beauty missing from the church as well as his soul, the young narrator realizes his infatuation is misguided as the pain of that realization takes hold. The storyRead MoreEssay about Arby1395 Words   |  6 PagesArby James Joyces use of religious imagery and religious symbols in Araby is compelling. 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It is part of the instinctual nature of man to long for what he feels is the lost spirituality of his world. In all ages man has believed that it is possible to search for and find a talisman, which, if brought back, will return this lost spirituality. The development of theme in Araby resembles the myth ofRead MoreEssay on James Joyce1722 Words   |  7 Pages James Joyce nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;James Joyce, an Irish novelist and poet, grew up near Dublin. James Joyce is one of the most influential novelists of the 20th century. In each of his prose works he used symbols to experience what he called an quot;epiphanyquot;, the revelation of certain revealing qualities about himself. His early writings reveal individual moods and characters and the plight of Ireland and the Irish artist in the 1900s. Later works, reveal a man in all hisRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Epiphany, From James Joyce s Araby And The Dead1758 Words   |  8 PagesJoey Gill ENG-L 204 Paper 1, Prompt D A Comparative Analysis of Epiphany, from James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead† James Joyce elaborately portrays the complexity of the human male psyche through his protagonists in â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead.† Through the use of first person perspective, each protagonists’ true motivations and perceptions of reality are betrayed by Joyce, therefore allowing the reader to fully understand the fallacies and complexities within each character. Through the depictions ofRead MoreJames Joyce s Araby - Interaction Of Story And Setting925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Interaction of Story and Setting in James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby†. The narrator of Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a young man who fell in love with Mangan’s sister. He always kept his distance and never really confronts her and expresses his love for her. The two didn’t want to approach each other because of shyness, nervousness, and afraid. The narrator did promise her that he will go to Dublin bazaar called â€Å"Araby† and buy something for h er. This leads up to the porch where they met for the first and last timeRead MoreA Similar Life Within A Story: Eveline by James Joyce1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe heartache of losing a loved one is indescribable. Many people live out their lives based off how that one person would want them to live. James Joyces short story, Eveline, is an example of how promises are hard to break. As James Joyce writes his stories, his characters and themes share similarities within his own life, giving them more value and much more meaning behind the importance of the story. To begin with, Eveline is the story of a young teenager facing a dilemma where she has

The United States Justice System - 1234 Words

Officers in a Texas McDonald’s parking lot saw a black man and a white man in the process of exchanging seats on a road trip from Florida to California, while leaving the parking lot; the officer implied that the man driving did not use his right turn signal. The men alleged that their privacy was invaded when the vehicle was searched without a warrant or permission from the driver. When one of the men attempted to video tape the incident on a cell phone he was told to stop. The term â€Å"driving while black has been used to describe the practice of law enforcement officers to stop African American drivers without probable cause† (Weatherspoon, 2004). The United States Justice System is based upon a flawed designed through miseducation of students in the school system, maintaining of a slave mentally in the prison system, and the perceptions of African Americans in America. Currently, the Public School System is readying African American for a life in prison. Today, many schools have been issued metal detectors and excessive cameras for monitoring students. I believe that African American Students are not being prepared for college by high school faculty and staff. Dr. Carter G. Woodson published a book called â€Å"The Miseducation of the Negro† in his book he explains how miseducation leaves many African American students unprepared for a life of competition with their racial counter parts. Woodson stated â€Å"dooming the Negro to a brainwashed sense of self confidence and achievementShow MoreRelatedJustice System Of The United States Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagesextremely excited to witness our justice system in action for the purpose of this paper. 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That isRead MoreThe United States Justice System1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States justice system has been around since the signing of the United States Constitution in 1787. It was created to prot ect its citizens and provide justice throughout the nation. The U.S. Justice system is broken down to three branches. These branches are Policing, Courts, and Corrections that create the justice system. Policing is the branch that enforces the law in the public. Courts is the decision to whether you are guilt, not guilty, or fined for the actions from the enforcementsRead MoreThe Justice System Of The United States1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe justice system here in the United States has been set up to provide justice through a due process system in our nation s courts. Our nation s due process is set up to ensure Constitutional Rights to all involved. The courts provide certain rights to both the victim and the defendant during all stages of the due process. The primary goal in all phases of the criminal justice system is to ensure the protection of rights and guarantee justice is served. To ensure citizens freedoms are protectedRead MoreThe United States And The Criminal Justice System Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States considers itself to be the best country in the world. This sense of nationalism is present because of the country’s history of opportunities and their emphasis on the power of their people. Safety is a crucial aspect that peopleconsider when choosing where to live. The United States provides their citizenswith national safety throughthe enforcement of their criminal justice system.As a result of their intentions of maintaining a secure living environment, the United States has theRead MoreCriminal Justice System Of The United States1722 Words   |  7 Pages  Criminal justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. Those accused of crime have protections against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers. Goals In the United States, criminal justice policy has been guided by the 1967 President s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, which issuedRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagespunished for a crime. The film focuses on racism in the United States’ criminal justice system. 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The U.S. and Bolivia may have their similaritiesRead MoreCriminal Justice System And The United States2244 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. Many failed policies have led us to the issues we have today. Policies such as America’s â€Å"get tough on crime† failed us and put us into a bigger hole than we already were in. Our criminal justice system needs to be evaluated and failed policies and procedures must be thrown out. It is a time for a reform for our criminal justice system. However, we must first address these policies and procedures that led us to where weRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Criminal Justice System is an extremely complex, but yet extremely important part of the United States. The criminal justice system is defined as â€Å"the set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws). Although there are many different groups of people that make up the criminal justice system, the two main and mos t discussed the state division or the federal division. The state division of the criminal justice

A Case Study of the Boscastle Floods Free Essays

Where? Boscastle is in North Cornwall, in the South West of England. A small seaside town, it faces out onto the Atlantic Ocean. What? Flash floods hit the town on Monday 16th August 2004 in a 1 in 50 year occurrence. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study of the Boscastle Floods or any similar topic only for you Order Now This caused 120mm of rain in 7 hours, twice the monthly average and causing the river to rise 8/9 feet. Understandably the river broke its banks, flooding Boscastle severely. Causes? The main cause was quite simply the fact that there was a lot of rain. 120mm of it in fact. Seeing as it had been raining for a few weeks before, saturating the ground, the water had nowhere to go but down the 2 steep valleys surrounding the village into the river. Or rivers – Boscastle is at the confluence of 3 rivers, the Valency and the Jordan. These understandably burst and the water was funnelled into the main road. Although this particular storm wasn’t down the global warming, we are getting more heavy storms in recent years which is very likely to be to do with global warming. Impacts? Because of the enormous volume of the water and the shape of the hills, the water went very fast towards the sea, as high as 3 metres, and a speed of 40mph, leaving destruction behind. These speeds can move cars, 100 actually through the village, emptying and destroying the car park, washing them into the harbour and sea, or just leaving them dumped in the village. The amazing rush of water coupled with cars acting as out of control cannon balls, caused homes and businesses to be knocked down or washed away. One 16th century building was completely destroyed by a run away camper van. Water rushed easily into homes, destroying everything inside. With the main road turned into a river, the tarmac was destroyed, likewise bridges and signs etc. Although resembling something like a production from the Doctor Who Special Effects team, miraculously nobody was hurt or killed, probably because of the event happening in the day, unlike the Lynmouth flood in Devon 52 years to the day which took the lives of 34 people. They also have the emergency services to thank, who rescued 120 people, many of whom scrambled onto their roofs. 60 people were evacuated to a nearby village. Longer term impacts of the floods affect both the authorities and the people. People will be put off holidaying in Boscastle, an area almost totally reliant on tourism, costing their economy and the jobs and livelihood of people. The authorities will also have to replace damaged roads etc. and think about flood defences for the future. Insurance companies predict the clean up bill will run into millions of pounds. For the inhabitants of Boscastle, not only have their businesses been destroyed. The floods have damaged houses not only through pure destruction, but through damp as well. Possessions will have to be replaced as well as the floods having a great emotional impact on people. Reduction Methods? Considering Boscastle is a small village, which has only been flooded severely once, not much money can be allowed to be spent on stopping future floods. However, small reduction methods could be made such as deepening the river so it can hold more water. The material dug out can be used to create embankments to further deepen it. The course of the rivers could be changed, such as straightening them to make the water reach the sea faster without so many meanders to turn round. The river could be pumped underground in large pipes, although Boscastle would lose the river, which is one of the tourist appeals of the place. The authorities have actually spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.8m on widening and lowering the river Valency. They’ve also put a relief channel underground which can take water away from the river when there is a lot of rainfall. Finally, they’ve inserted a tree catcher so trees cannot create dams downstream if washed into the river. How to cite A Case Study of the Boscastle Floods, Free Case study samples

P Global Expansion free essay sample

Introduction of the case: De Cesare, president of Max Factor Japan and GLT member on the Beauty Care GBU, is to present an analysis of SK-II’s potential to become a truly global brand. There are 3 alternatives for SK-II’s global strategy: To build on the brand’s success in Japan, tap into China, or expand SK-II into Western Europe. If PG chooses to focus on Japan, it is possible that they might achieve national brand recognition. However, to become a truly global brand, it is necessary that SK-II enters new markets. assignment satisfaction key help desk Yet, we must bear in mind that there are significant risks in PG’s first-ever proposal to expand a Japanese brand into foreign markets. These risks are magnified by the vast differences in consumers, distribution channels, competitors, and the political, social and economical systems across borders. Furthermore, PG’s global organization was currently undergoing a major restructuring program, O2005, which might deter SK-II’s plans. We will write a custom essay sample on P Global Expansion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper seeks to discuss the merits of Japan as a lucrative market for SK-II and weigh the benefits of entry vis-a-vis the risks and related costs. In light of obstacles and limited growth, this paper will also examine the prospect of SK-II to develop into a major global brand by tapping into foreign markets. We will discuss the China and Western Europe market separately, and evaluate our plans accordingly. Lastly, we will conclude by showing how our plans would be implemented and integrated in PG’s newly reorganized global operations. Background of PG Japan PG‘s entry and expansion into Japan started off rough. Up to the mid-1980s, PG Japan had been a minor contributor to PG’s international growth. In 1984, twelve years after entering the Japanese market, PG’s board reviewed the accumulated losses of $200 million, the ongoing negative operating margins of 75%, and the eroding sales base-decreasing from ? 44 billion in 1979 to ? 26 billion in 1984. With this negative outlook, PG considered exiting Japan. Durk Jagerr, the country’s new GM, analyzed the causes of PG failure in Japan. He then made radical changes in market research, advertising, and distribution. This resulted in a 270% increase in sales. Just as it was starting to have a positive outlook, the Japan’s â€Å"Bubble Economy† burst in 1991. PG’s entry into the new category of beauty care worsened rather than improved the situation. In 1994, the Japanese beauty business lost $50 million of sales. Organization 2005 (O2005) When Durk Jager became CEO in January 1999, he implemented the Organization 2005the proposal for global growth. This was the most dramatic change to PG’s structure, processes, and culture in the company’s history. Implementing O2005 would promise to bring 13% to 15% annual earnings growth and would result in $900 million in annual savings starting in 2004. Item| 1995| 1996| 1997| 1998| 1999| Gross Profit| -| 5. 41| 6. 4| 4. 44| 10. 3| Table 1: Growth rate of Gross Profit As seen from Table 1, gross profit did grow quite significantly by 10. 3% in 1999, only 6 months after implementing O2005. PG’s income statement therefore supports Jager’s optimistic forecast of future 13-15% annual growth earnings. Figure 1: Trend Analysis for Current Assets and Long-Term Assets As se en in Figure 2, PG’s plant, property and equipment have been rising over the past 5 years, with a significant increase in year 1997. On the other hand, current assets (i. e. cash) have been declining, with a considerable decrease in year 1997 as well. It is highly possible this is due to cash used (decrease) to invest in capital (increase). In 1998, current assets finally increased for the first time in 4 years. This could explain how an increase in investments (on fixed assets) to produce new products, especially with O2005, eventually reaped positive returns with a more than proportionate increase in sales (cash and accounts receivables). Figure 2: PG’s Timeline Most importantly, with O2005, the organization would become more alert and responsive to issues. It would be possible to anticipate or predict trends in various markets by having a global view. For instance, if Japanese consumers decrease their demand for one of PG’s products, it can anticipate that other countries with similar culture may follow this trend. This would also allow PG to launch new products quickly without the hindrance of autonomous national subsidiaries. Moreover, global business unit would be able to maintain product margins across country boundaries. Having a strong global control of its products, PG would be able to use similar marketing campaigns in countries within a geographic region thus reducing marketing costs. Financial Ratios for PG| Column1| Current ratio| 1. 7| Net working Capital| 597,000,000| Total Debt Ratio| 0. 63| Cash Coverage Rate| 13. 67| Total Assets Turnover| 1. 19| Profit Margin| 0. 099| Return on Assets| 0. 117| Return on Equity| 0. 312| Table 2: Financial Ratios of PG in Year 1999 As seen in Table 2, PG is doing very well overall. It is relatively able to meet short term debt obligations. It has quite a substantial amount of net working capital which allows development (in Japan) and expansion (into China and/or Europe) of its business. It is also unlikely that the company will face problems with debt load as its financial leverage is not high. With its cash coverage ratio being very high, it is fairly safe if PG chooses to increase its financial leverage to help sustain growth and expand its business. Its moderate ability to generate sales from each dollar of asset is also reflected it its low profit margin, which highlights PG as a company that base its sales on volume rather than on profit. As for PG’s profitability relative to its assets, it is difficult to comment as it depends largely on the industry’s average, which is not given in the case. ROE too, should be compared to other firms in the industry. As PG’s ROE seems considerably sound, earnings must be reinvested to increase stockholders’ wealth and thus, SK-II presents PG the opportunity to do so. SWOT Analysis for SK-II Strengths The greatest strength of SK-II is Pitera, the unique ingredient found only in SK-II products. It was apparently developed by a Japanese monk who noticed how the hands of workers in sake breweries were kept young looking. The fact that SK-II has gained exclusive access to this â€Å"miraculous† ingredient allows them to charge premium prices and still generate demand for their products. To further justify their premium pricing strategy, they value-add their product by emphasizing on its packaging. For example, the SK-II Foaming Massage Cloth was packaged â€Å"in a much more elegant dispensing box† than Olay. Also, SK-II’s technological expertise in developing its product and showcasing detailed scientific product performance data was able to effectively convince Japanese women, who â€Å"took a much more scientific approach to their product reviews†. Weaknesses However, this scientific approach could go against them when dealing with Western Europe. They may not believe the collated results, but prefer hearing of more personal testimonials of the wonders of SK-II. Their premium pricing strategy could also be seen as a weakness as many would not be able to afford it. Also, its tedious multi-step skincare regime might deter lazy consumers from trying its product line. Lastly, with the need of beauty counsellors’ analysis and advice, and the full skin care regimen, it would be ineffective for SK-II to advertise through giving out samples to persuade stubborn consumers. Opportunities This creates opportunities for SK-II to advertise through their very comprehensive and prestigious beauty-counsellor segment which breaks down into training counsellors, as well as counter design and equipment installation. To support these investments, they used TV advertising to show the effectiveness of SK-II which boosted its product awareness and sales tremendously. With Japanese women being the highest users of beauty care products in the world, the opportunities for SK-II to continue expansion in Japan are huge. In addition, research showed that there is â€Å"a worldwide opportunity in facial cleansing†. With SK-II’s success in Taiwan and Hong Kong, SK-II has a ready opening to tap into nearby China. On top of that, there is a possibility of bringing this brand into a large Western market. This presents SK-II three main global opportunities to make its brand an international one. Threats Nonetheless, SK-II must be fully aware of strong brand competitors in the industry like Shiseido in Japan, and Estee Lauder, Clinique, Lancome, Chanel and Dior in Europe. Possible lost of exclusive access to the ingredient Pitera could also result in SK-II’s downfall. Japanese Market Build on SK-II brand success in Japan With its phenomenal achievement, SK-II should continue to build on its brand success in Japan. There are numerous benefits to be gained in the Japanese market. According to Exhibit 10, the retail sales of the skin care product in Japan are 6,869 million, which is more than anywhere else in the world. Also, being a premium, high-margin brand, potential growth in sales could bring more profits than any other of PG’s regular products, such as toothpaste and shampoo. In fact, it is estimated that one loyal SK-II customer in Japan will spend about $1000 a year on the brand. Most importantly, there is substantial room for growth, as Max Factor Japan only claims less than a 3% share of a $10 billion beauty market. Apart from economical benefits, the Japanese customers are the world’s leading consumers of beauty products and Japanese women had by far the highest use of beauty care product in the world. Since they already have the skin care practices of a four- to six-step regimen, which SK-II relies on, there is no need to invest in the educating the Japanese consumers. In addition, following the success of the foaming massage cloth, it offers a great opportunity to tap into PG’s extensive technological resources, leveraging on the existing brand name and image to extend SK-II’s product line and expand into new product offerings, whilst targeting new market segments. For example, new product lines such as anti-aging and skin-whitening products can be added to the SK-II range. Furthermore, Japan’s demanding consumers and tough competitors will create an important environment that is conducive for leading-edge and innovative ideas. Thus, this will lead to PG having greater initiatives and discoveries in the cosmetic and skin care industry. Another substantial benefit of the Japanese alternative would be the low investment. In comparison to a new market entry, there would not be a need for large funding in new infrastructure and distribution channels, or in the training of beauty counselors and other personnel. Moreover, the emergence of operational synergies through the cooperation of SK-II’s technology and marketing teams, who developed an innovative beauty imaging system (BIS), also supports the prospect of developing the home market which fits with de Cesar’s vision of the brand. By installing modified BIS at SK-II counters and having beauty consultants to give an accurate and credible analysis of skin diagnosis and counselling process, customers’ loyalty will be built. Hence, there is tremendous potential for growth for SK-II in its home market and thus it is strongly advisable to further expand SK-II in Japan. Why should SK-II enter foreign market? Despite SK-II ability to generate significant operating profits, this high-end product had little visibility outside Japan, even within PG itself. With its success in Japan, SK-II has the potential to enter foreign market as SK-II is able to meet the global desire to achieve soft, moisturized, clean-feeling skin. Apart from that, according to Exhibit 9, there is a $10 billion worldwide prestige skin care market which SK-II can tap in. Thus, there is a huge global market opportunity for SK-II. Another factor is that although the Japanese alternative involves lower risks compared to entering foreign markets, there are still a number of issues that have to be considered. First, as a well-established brand for beauty products, SK-II is also characterized by intense rivalry with strong competitors such as Shiseido. Furthermore, with the very demanding consumers and highly innovative competitors, any slowdown in RD or major setbacks in launching products could lead to a significant disadvantage for the company. Considering the other premium brands that had already entered the market, delaying the release would mean having to face greater competition in the future and having to forfeit the first mover advantage. Hence, it is favourable that SK-II to enter the foreign markets. Which foreign markets to enter? The China Market Entering the Chinese market is one option. The Chinese market is widely predicted to become the second largest market in the world. The prestige beauty segment is growing at 30 to 40% a year and virtually every major competitor in that space is already there. However, this does not mean that entering the Chinese market would guarantee profits. The right segment should be targeted in the Chinese market first. Basically, there are three Chinas-rural China, low income urban China, and sophisticated, wealthy China concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. This market size is as big a target consumer group as in many developed markets. Especially in China where people are more attracted and loyal to products that are introduced first, it is important to enter the Chinese market now so as to reduce the loss of the first mover’s advantage. If the movement into the Chinese market is delayed, the battle for those elite will be lost to the global beauty-care powerhouses that have been there for three years or more. Another advantage of entering the Chinese market now is that the expected sales by having a few counters in Shanghai (sophisticated, wealthy China) would amount to $10 to $15 million in sales over the first three years, by which time they expected the brand to achieve breakeven. However, because of the large income gap among the Chinese in China, it is difficult to target the rural China and low income urban China with the SK-II products. Many argued that targeting an elite consumer group with a niche product was not in keeping with the objective of reaching the 1. 2 billion population with laundry, hair care, oral care, diapers, and other basics. After all, the four step regimen of SK-II-a-three month supply-could cost more than one months salary for the average woman working in a major Chinese city. Furthermore, Chinese consumers may not be ready for SK-II. Olay had succeeded only by educating its customers to move from a one-step skin-care process-washing with bar soap and water-to a three-step cleansing and moisturizing process. SK-II further relied on having women develop a four- to six-step regimen, something which the people may not adapt to. Finally, the Chinese market presented numerous other risks from the widespread existence of counterfeit prestige products to the bureaucracy attached to a one-year import registration process. SK-II would probably incur high cost too because of the import duties of 35 to 40%. This meant that even if P;G squeezed its margin in China, SK-II would have to be priced significantly above the retail level in other markets. Despite the possible disadvantages and risks that may be incurred when entering the Chinese market, it is still very advisable to enter the Chinese market mainly because it is a huge market. This entry into the Chinese market would be more successful after SK-II’s further expansion into the Japanese market as it would have developed a more reputable brand name. The consumers in China would thus be gain confidence in the product. Most importantly, the China team calculated that because of the lower cost of beauty consultants, selling SK-II in China could still be profitable. See Exhibit 12 for cost estimates. ) The European Market Besides the Chinese market, it is also possible for SK-II to expand into the European market. Unlike China, Europe had a relatively large and sophisticated group of beauty-conscious consumers who already practiced a multi-step regimen using various specialized skin-care products. This makes it easier to bring SK-II into the European market as people a re more incline to accept the product. Whats more, the fine fragrances business was beginning to do quite well. In the United Kingdom, for example, its own 25-person salesforce was on track in 1999 to book $1 million in after-tax profit on sales of $12 million. Even though selling brands like Hugo Boss, Giorgio, and Beverly Hills’ sales approach and trade relationship was different from the SK-II model in Japan, it was a major asset that could be leveraged. Furthermore, it is likely that SK-II provided the fine fragrance business a way to extend its line in the few department stores that dominated U. K. distribution in the prestige business. There is also a hope to achieve sales of $10 million by the fourth year in the U. K. market. However, given the intense competition, a loss of $1 million to $2 million may need to be absorbed annually over the period as the startup investment. Besides a potential loss during the startup investment period, a bigger challenge would be introducing a totally new brand into an already crowded field of high-profile, well respected competitors including Estee Lauder, Clinique, Lancome, Chanel and Dior. While TV advertising had proven highly effective in raising SK-IIs awareness and sales in Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, the cost of television-or even print-made such a method too expensive in Europe. And without any real brand awareness or heritage, SK-IIs mystique may not be transferred to a Western market. There is also a possibility that a significant group may not be willing to adopt the disciplined six- to eight step ritual that the devoted Japanese SK-II users followed. Also, countries like France and Germany, where prestige products were sold through thousands of perfumeries, makes it impossible to justify the SK-II consultants who would be vital to the sales model. Therefore, there is a higher risk of bringing SK-II into the European market before the Chinese market as SK-II is an Asian brand. The brand has been proven successful in countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that consumers in China will be more receptive to its product as compared to consumers in the western market. As seen from Figure 3 and 4 below, although China has the least retail sales so far, its market is growing at a rapid pace. Thus, there is a lot of potential in China and SK-II must act fast as mentioned earlier to gain a portion of the growing pie. Although Western Europe has the largest retail sales in the industry, it must be noted that it has a whole region consisting of many countries, thus including a much larger number of people who contribute to their high sales as compared to a single country like Japan. Therefore, building on its success in a homogeneous culture like Japan would be an easier and probably more effective initial step to creating SK-II as a global brand. Furthermore, as seen in Figure 5 below, Japan is the most ready market for SK-II as it has a high percentage that already frequently use facial lotion, which is SK-II’s key selling product. On the other hand, China has a long way to go in changing their skin care habits and practices and SK-II will need to put in a lot more effort in trying to get the Chinese to do so. Figure 5: Skin Care and Cosmetics Habits and Practices Table 3: Evaluating Criteria Customer Criteria| Japan| China| Europe| Usage and Habit| * High| * Low| * Moderate| Maturity| * High| * Low| * Moderate| Market Criteria| Japan| China| Europe| Market Size| * 5 * Largest| * 3 * Smallest| * 4 * Large| Potential size and growth| * 3 * Smallest| * 5 * Largest| * 3 * Unsure| Experience| * 5 * Already familiar with SK-II in Japan| * 3 * Some experience with Olay| * 3 * Some experience with Lipfinity| Pricing| * 5 * Recognized as a prestige brand * Loyal customer base| * 3 * High import duties VS low labour costs * Relatively low income| * 5 * Already exposed to expensive beauty products| Competition| * 5 * Shiseido| * 3 * Prestige product line target niche market | * 5 * Many existing well-known brands| Distribution| * 5 * Specialised stores with consultants| * 4 * Similar selling experience with Olay * Adapt knowledge| * 3 * Mass distribution * Consultant approach may not be feasible| Financial Criteria| Japan| China| Europe| Initial Investment Expected Losses| * Small * Most in RD| * Quite high * Focus on training| * High * Cost of advertisement| Sales| * Very good * $150m| * Good * $15m| * Fair * $9m| Implementation of the expansion in Japan To expand SK-II product line, they would need to tailor products to meet the consumers’ demands so as to provide customization. SK-II would have to increase their budget for research and development to understand the innovative needs of their consumers such as the SK-II foaming massage cloth. To create this competitive edge among competitors, SK-II would have to create major improvements in their product line. SK-II should also be marketed through channels of the department stores as the provisions of counter counsellors create a form of personalization for SK-II products. In addition, it gives consumers a personal touch and greater understanding to the products. Thus this also enables them to understand the needs of consumers and hence promote brand switching. With additional personnel, the next step would be for the global business unit to ensure that company strategies are aligned amongst all levels of hierarchy to continue to utilize the building blocks of competitive advantage: superior innovation, quality, customer responsiveness, and efficiency. Implementation of the expansion in China Since SK-II products are considered as a high-end product due to its price premium, the target segment for this market would be the sophisticated, wealthy China concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. In addition, the prestige beauty segment is growing at 30 to 40% a year, thus this gives SK-II an opportunity to expand their products in the area. SK-II should price their products higher yet maintain both quality and standard for their products thus adding value for their products so that consumers will not feel that they are over paying for the products. The customer services and personnel create an additional value in which it is not easily replicated by competitors and thus can also keep SK-II competitive in the industry. To add, they should also implement the counters and train beauty consultants to market their products as it can also increase customization and personalization. Since SK-II will be targeting the high end consumers, creating a personal touch for these consumers would be important so as to add brand loyalty and decrease brand switching of these consumers. It is highly recommended that SK-II experiment with a few counters in Shanghai, and if successful, to expand to more counters in other major cities. This is mainly because SK-II still faces some resistances from entering the market. Thus it would be good, if other affluent brands go into the market to reduce resistance before SK-II enters the market full on. Implementation of expansion in Europe Europe had a relatively large and sophisticated group of beauty-conscious consumers who already practiced a multi-step regimen using various specialized skin-care products. Therefore, this gives SK-II an opportunity to expand their range of products as SK-II at current is having woman rely on a four to six step regime on their moisturizing process. In Europe, beauty products were sold primarily to mass distribution outlets, brands like Hugo Boss, Giorgio, and Beverly Hills to department stores and Boots, the major pharmacy chain, its sales approach and trade relationship was different from the SK-II model in Japan. However, this can serve as an asset that could leverage SK-II’s products as distributing their products in department stores can be in line with the small scale entry of SK-II. To add, SK-II can also implement trained beauty consultants at the department store counters to market their products as it can also increase customization and personalization. This can give consumers a personal touch and build favourable consumer first impression. Another advantage of having trained personnel would be the increased level of interaction with the customers and thus can also increase brand loyalty and promote consumers to switch from other brands to SK-II. SK-II Japan’s activity of product in China and Europe Culture As mentioned earlier, Jager toured PGs sites worldwide and he concluded that P;Gs sluggish 2% annual volume growth and its loss of global market share was due to a culture he saw as slow, conformist, and risk-averse. Thus, it is necessary to prevent such culture dilution in China. Also, Jager revolutionized the organization to take greater risk and speed and gave a green light to the Leadership Innovation Team to implement a global rollout of two radically new products. Therefore, to reduce employee inefficiency, SK-II China should adopt a similar culture of SK-II Japan to innovative teams who can create radical new products. Advertising SK-II Japan experimented with TV advertising featuring a well respected Japanese actress in her late 30s. In three years SK-II’s awareness ratings rose from around 20% to over 70%, while sales in the same period more than doubled. Building on this success, management adapted the ad campaign for Hong Kong and Taiwan, where SK-II had quietly built a loyal following among the many women who took their fashion cues from Tokyo. In both markets, sales rocketed, and by 1996/97, export sales of $68 million represented about 30% of the brands total sales. Similarly in SK-II China and Europe, we recommend that they make use of this advertising strategy to generate sales for their products. This is mainly because celebrities are role models in which consumers can easily relate to and thus by using celebrities as their endorsers, they can create a favourable brand image and also slowly build brand loyalty among the consumers. Moreover, fans of the celebrities will also promote brand switching as they feel affiliated to the brand Conclusion | Feasibility| Sustainability| Japan| | | China| | | Europe| | | Japan is the most feasible market because of current success. It is also the most sustainable in the long run because of the ready segment for SK-II’s skincare products as well as the already well-established structure. Entering China is slightly less feasible because of the consumers’ lifestyle. China also poses various barriers of entry that might affect SK-II’s profit margin and ability to sustain in the future. However, China’s skincare market is growing at the fastest rate, thus have the greatest market potential for SK-II to grow. Europe is the least feasible of the three mainly because of the strong competition in the skincare industry. However, Europe is a sustainable market if SK-II is able to create a favourable brand image to the Europeans as they already have a thorough skincare regime and large market segment. It was mentioned earlier that De Cesare was to present an analysis of SK-II’s potential to become a truly global brand. Our group, having analysed the case, decided that further expansion into the Japanese market should be the primary step taken. While doing this, P;G could settle China’s import registration process, train beauty conselors and educate the public. Some beauty technology developed in Japan could be transferred when entering the Chinese market. SK-II should penetrate Europe last of all as significant risks involved in entering foreign markets simultaneously, especially given that P;G’s global organization was in the midst of the bold but disruptive O2005 restructuring program. Since the brand will then be operating in various countries, it is crucial that a overall brand manager is assigned. This would improve communication across the various countries. A contingency plan must be drafted to fall back on in case the global expansion fails. This is why priority should be given to the Japanese market lest SK-II is unsuccessful in becoming an international brand. 2010: Diversify into cosmetics market that contain Pitera to gain larger market share 2000: Continue to build on Japan’s success Figure 6: Forecasted Timeline for SK-II During 2000: Invest in R;D; Expand SK-II product line; Settle China’s procedures and train counselors 2006: Withdraw product if banned substances used in production of SK-II in China; Re-enter only when problem is rectified 2005: Enter Europe 2001: Enter China